El Proyecto Guadal-Bilingüe

En toda la comunidad autónoma andaluza, y concretamente en los pequeños municipios de la Alpujarra granadina, cada vez existe más variedad entre la población debido a la migración. En muchos casos, las nuevas comunidades que llegan a los municipios no terminan de integrarse debido a las barreras lingüísticas, y al tratarse de núcleos poblacionales tan pequeños, tampoco existen lugares a los que acudir para el aprendizaje de idiomas.

Con este proyecto se pretende ayudar a la ruptura de dichas barreras mediante medios y recursos tecnológicos apropiados para ello (talleres de idiomas, dinámicas integradoras, blog de recursos lingüísticos...), promoviendo de este modo una mayor relación y comunicación entre los diferentes colectivos de los municipios.


El objetivo central de este proyecto es impulsar la cultura de cambio entre los habitantes de los pequeños municipios en los que cada vez más habitan personas de diferentes nacionalidades, para que a través de las nuevas tecnologías aumente el interés por el aprendizaje de otras lenguas, fomentando de este modo la integración social.

Friday, 27 April 2012

Time Expressions with "hacer"

Time Expressions with "hacer"



The verb "hacer" can be used in a number of ways to indicate the length of time an action has been taking place. The first way uses the formula:
Hace + time + que + present tense form of the verb
Hace un año que estudio español.
I have been studying Spanish for one year.
Hace dos años que ellas estudian inglés.
They have been studying English for two years.


To make this type of expression negative, just add the word "no" before the verb, as in the following formula:
Hace + time + que + no + present tense form of the verb
Hace un año que no estudio español.
I haven't studied Spanish for a year.
Hace dos años que ellas no estudian inglés.
They haven't studied English for two years.


Another way to use the verb "hacer" to express how long something has been taking place is to use the following formula:
Present tense form of the verb + desde hace + time
Estudio español desde hace un año.
I have been studying Spanish for one year.
Ellas estudian inglés desde hace dos años.
They have been studying English for two years.


To make this type of expression negative, again simply add the word "no" before the verb, as in the following formula:
No + present tense form of the verb + desde hace + time
No estudio español desde hace un año.
I haven't studied Spanish for a year.
Ellas no estudian inglés desde hace dos años.
They haven't studied English for two years.
So, when it comes to using the verb "hacer" to express the length of time an action has been taking place, there are two ways to say the same thing:
Estudio español desde hace un año.
Hace un año que estudio español.
I have been studying Spanish for one year.

Time Expressions with Hacer: Quiz

A. Choose the correct answer.

1. I have been studying in this place for one month.
un mes que estudio en este lugar.



2. I have been studying in this place for one month.
Estudio en este lugar un mes.



3. We haven't visited Spain for three years.
tres años que no visitamos España.



4. We haven't visited Spain for three years.
No visitamos España tres años.



5. I haven't eaten a tortilla in a long time.
mucho tiempo que no como una tortilla.



6. I haven't eaten a tortilla in a long time.
No como una tortilla mucho tiempo.



7. We've been waiting for good news for several days.
varios días que esperamos buenas noticias.



8. We've been waiting for good news for several days.
Esperamos buenas noticias varios días.



9. The lady hasn't come to the market for two days.
dos días que la señora no viene al mercado.



10. The lady hasn't come to the market for two days.
La señora no viene al mercado dos días.



B. Write the missing word.

11. I have been eating in this restaurant for a year.
un año que como en este restaurante.



12. You have been studying Spanish for one year.
Hace un año estudias español.



13. She hasn't worked for six months.
Hace seis meses que ella trabaja.



14. We haven't eaten for two days.
Hace dos días que no .



15. He's been reading the book for two hours.
Él lee el libro hace dos horas.



16. I haven't gone to the cinema for two months.
No voy al cine desde dos meses.



17. Maria has been working at the hotel for five years.
Hace cinco años Maria trabaja en el hotel.



18. Juan has been teaching at the University for four years.
Juan enseña en la universidad hace cuatro años.



19. I've been in this class for two weeks.
dos semanas que estoy en esta clase.



20. She's been waiting for you for an hour.
Ella te espera desde una hora.

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Telling Time


Telling Time


The verb ser is used to express the time of day.
Use es when referring to "one o'clock" and use son when referring to all other hours.
Es la una.
It's one o'clock.
Son las dos.
It's two o'clock.


The feminine article (la, las) is used before the hour because it refers to "la hora."
Es la una.
It's one o'clock.
Son las dos.
It's two o'clock.


Minutes can be added to the hour using the word y (and).
Es la una y cinco.
It's five minutes past one.
Son las tres y doce.
It's twelve minutes past three.


Minutes can be subtracted from the hour using the word menos (less).
Es la una menos cinco.
It's five minutes till one.
Son las tres menos doce.
It's twelve minutes till three.


You can also use the words media (half) and cuarto (quarter).
Es la una y media.
It's half past one.
Son las dos y cuarto.
It's quarter past two.
Son las tres menos cuarto.
It's quarter till three.


To say something occurs at a specific time, use the formula a + la(s) + time.
La fiesta empieza a las nueve.
The party begins at nine o'clock.
El banco abre a las ocho y media.
The bank opens at half past eight.


To differentiate between a.m. and p.m. use the expressions de la mañana, de la tarde and de la noche.
Son las dos de la tarde.
It's two in the afternoon.
Son las dos de la mañana.
It's two in the morning.
Son las diez de la noche.
It's ten in the evening.


When no specific time is mentioned, use the expressions por la mañana, por la tarde, por la noche.
Siempre leo el periódico por las mañanas.
I always read the newspaper in the morning.


Here are a number of useful time expressions:
por la mañana = in the morning (no specific time)

de la mañana = in the morning (specific time)

por la tarde = in the afternoon (no specific time)

de la tarde = in the afternoon (specific time)

por la noche = in the evening or night (no specific time)

de la noche = in the evening or night (specific time)

la mañana = morning

mañana por la mañana = tomorrow morning

pasado mañana = the day after tomorrow

ayer = yesterday

anoche = last night

la noche anterior / anteanoche = the night before last

el lunes que viene = next Monday

la semana que viene = next week

el año que viene = next year

el lunes pasado = last Monday

la semana pasada = last week

el año pasado = last year

al mediodía = at noon

a la medianoche = at midnight

alrededor de = around

durante el día = during the day

a tiempo = on time

en punto = exactly on time, on-the-dot

tarde = late

temprano = early
Video 1
Video 2
Video 3

Telling Time:

A. Write the appropriate form of ser.

1. la una.



2. las dos.



B. Translate the following sentences.

3. It's four twenty.
.



4. It's seven after eight.
.



5. It's a quarter till seven.
.



6. It's five till two.
.



7. It's twenty minutes till nine.
.



8. It's a quarter past four.
.



9. It's half past ten.
.



C. Choose the correct expression.

10. It's two o'clock in the afternoon.
Son las dos
de la mañana.
de la tarde.
de la noche.



11. It's four a.m.
Son las cuatro
de la mañana.
de la tarde.
de la noche.



12. It's four p.m.
Son las cuatro
de la mañana.
de la tarde.
de la noche.



13. It's eight in the evening.
Son las ocho
de la mañana.
de la tarde.
de la noche.



14. It's 2 a.m.
Son las dos
de la mañana.
de la tarde.
de la noche.



15. It's 2 p.m.
Son las dos
de la mañana.
de la tarde.
de la noche.



D. Choose the correct expression.

16. Juan runs in the mornings.
Juan corre
de la mañana.
de las mañanas.
por las mañanas.



17. I watch television in the evenings.
Veo la tele
de la noche.
de las noches.
por las noches.



18. The plane arrives at 8 a.m.
El avión llega a las ocho
de la mañana.
en las mañanas.
por la mañana.



19. I always take a nap in the afternoon.
Siempre me echo una siesta
de la tarde.
en la tarde.
por las tardes.



20. The party begins at nine p.m.
La fiesta empieza a las nueve
de la noche.
por la noche.
en la noche.

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Vocabulary 1


Family/ Familia:

el esposo = husband la esposa = wife
el hijo = son la hija = daughter
el hermano = brother la hermana = sister
el padre = father la madre = mother
el abuelo = grandfather la abuela = grandmother
el tío = uncle la tía = aunt
el sobrino = nephew la sobrina = niece

Sentences:
Este es mi = This is my ….(masculine)
Esta es mi = This is my....(feminine)



Negative Characteristics / Características negativo:

malo/a = bad
tonto/a = stupid
furioso/a = furious
aburrido/a = boring
perezoso/a / vago/a = lazy
bruto/a = crude
severo/a = strict
agresivo/a = hostile
cobarde = cowardly
arrogante = arrogant
insoportable = intolerable
goloso/a = greedy

Sentences:
El es …. = He is …..
Ella es …. = She is ….

Positive Characteristics / Características positivos

bueno/a = good
simpático/a = nice
amable = friendly
sensible = sensitive
cariñoso/a = loving
alegre = cheerful
listo/a = clever
tímido/a = shy
serio/a = serious
correcto/a = polite
puntual = punctual
activo/a = active
gracioso/a = witty

Sentences:
El es …. = He is …..
Ella es …. = She is ….

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Thursday, 26 April 2012

Saber vs Conocer / Pedir vs. Preguntar


Saber vs Conocer

In Spanish, there are two verbs that express the idea "to know." These two verbs are "saber" and "conocer." The verb you choose depends upon the context in which it is used. These verbs are not interchangeable.



To express knowledge or ignorance of a fact or information about something, use "saber."
Juan sabe donde está María.
Juan knows where Maria is.
Yo no sé tu número de teléfono.
I don't know your telephone number.



To say that one is or is not acquainted with a person, a place, or an object, use conocer.
Yo no conozco a María.
I don't know (am not acquainted with) Maria.
Alberto y Alfredo conocen Madrid.
Alberto and Alfredo know (are acquainted with) Madrid.



To express knowledge or ignorance of a subject or learning discipline, use saber or conocer, depending upon the context.
Juan no sabe nada de inglés.
Juan doesn't know any English.
Él sabe matemáticas.
He knows mathematics.
Juan conoce la literatura española.
Juan is familiar with Spanish literature.



To express knowledge or ignorance of a skill, or how to do something, use saber + infinitive.
María sabe conducir.
Maria knows how to drive.
No sé nadar muy bien.
I don't know how to swim very well.



To say that you know something by heart, use saber.
María sabe los verbos irregulares.
Maria knows the irregular verbs (by heart).
Ella no sabe la letra de esa canción.
She doesn't know the words to that song.



Pedir vs. Preguntar

The same sort of situation exists with respect to the two Spanish verbs pedir and preguntar. They both mean "to ask" but they are not interchangeable. Fortunately, the rules for using them are a bit more straightforward:
pedir
to ask for, or request an object, service or favor
Pido más carne.
I ask for more meat.
Pedimos ahora.
We order now (ask for service).
preguntar
to ask a question, or request information
Pregunto qué hora es.
I ask what time it is.
Preguntamos a qué hora sirven la cena.
We ask what time they serve dinner.


To summarise
Saber vs Conocer
saber: to know (facts, information, how to do something, something by heart)
conocer: to know (to be familiar with people, places, things)
Pedir vs Preguntar
pedir: to ask (for an object or a service)
preguntar: to ask (a question, request information)

Saber vs Conocer; Pedir vs Preguntar: Quiz

A. Write the correct verb form, based upon the context of the sentence.

1. Yo a Juan. Somos muy amigos.
I know Juan. We're good friends.



2. Busco el libro. ¿ usted dónde está?
I'm looking for the book. Do you know where it is?



3. Tengo que llamar a María. ¿ (tú) su número de teléfono?
I have to call Maria. Do you know her phone number?



4. Pablo es niño. No conducir.
Pablo is a child. He doesn't know how to drive.



5. ¿Quiere hablar bien el español? Es necesario los verbos irregulares.
Do you want to speak Spanish well? You must know (by heart) the irregular verbs. (hint: use the infinitive)



6. Pregunta a Juan. Él los resultados.
Ask Juan. He knows the results.



7. La chica es muy inteligente. Ya el álgebra.
The girl is very intelligent. She already knows algebra.



8. Tengo que ir. ¿ (tú) la hora?
I have to leave. Do you know what time it is?



9. El hombre es genio. que dos más dos son cuatro.
The man is a genius. He knows that two and two are four.



10. los cuadros de Picasso. Nos gustan.
We are familiar with Picasso's paintings. We like them.



11. Ud. y Juan no bien Madrid. Es su primera vez en España
You and Juan aren't familiar with Madrid. It's your first time to Spain.






12. Ella es una amiga suya. Ud. que es una señorita inteligente.
She is your friend. You know she's an intelligent young lady.



13. Son bilingües. hablar español e inglés.
They are bilingual. They know how to speak Spanish and English.



14. Vivo en una cortijo. No la música moderna.
I live on a farm. I'm not familiar with modern music.



15. Vamos a el dinero.
We are going to ask for the money.



16. Juan más comida.
Juan asks for more food.



17. Voy a a qué hora cierran las puertas.
I'm going to ask what time they close the doors.



18. Los niños siempre regalos.
The children always ask for presents.



19. María cuándo empieza la fiesta.
Maria asks when the party begins.



20. El chico le a la chica ¿cuál es tu número de teléfono?
The boy asks the girl for her telephone number.

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Comparison of adjectives

Comparison of adjectives




There are three forms of comparison:
- positive
- comparative
- superlative

A - Comparison with -er/-est

clean - cleaner - (the) cleanest
We use -er/-est with the following adjectives:

1) adjectives with one syllable

clean cleaner cleanest
new newer newest
cheap cheaper cheapest

2) adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:

2 - 1) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y

dirty dirtier dirtiest
easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
pretty prettier prettiest

2 - 2) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er

clever cleverer cleverest

2 - 3) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le

simple simpler simplest

2 - 4) adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow

narrow narrower narrowest

Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est

large larger largest leave out the silent -e
big bigger biggest Double the consonant after short vowel
sad sadder saddest
dirty dirtier dirtiest Change -y to -i (consonant before -y)
shy shyer shyest Here -y is not changed to -i.
(although consonant before -y)

B - Comparison with more - most

difficult - more difficult - (the) most difficult
all adjectives with more than one syllable (except some adjectives with two syllables - see
2 - 1 to 2 - 4)

C - Irregular adjectives

good better best
bad worse worst
much more most uncountable nouns
many more most countable nouns
little less least
little smaller smallest

D - Special adjectives

Some adjectives have two possible forms of comparison.
common commoner / more common commonest / most common
likely likelier / more likely likeliest / most likely
pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant
polite politer / more polite politest / most polite
simple simpler / more simple simplest / most simple
stupid stupider / more stupid stupidest / most stupid
subtle subtler / more subtle subtlest
sure surer / more sure surest / most sure






























































































































 

Adjectives - Comparison - Exercise 1





Fill in the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives.

Example: new - _____ - _______

Answer: new - newer - newest
1) old - -
2) bad - -
3) difficult - -
4) large - -
5) good - -
6) big - -
7) easy - -
8) much - -
9) little - -
10) interesting - -






Adjectives - Comparison - Exercise 2




Fill in all the gaps with the correct forms of the adjectives.

Example: ____ - newer - _______

Answer: new - newer - newest
1) - longer -
2) - - worst
3) modern - -
4) - - nicest
5) - - nearest
6) - - flattest
7) popular - -
8) - happier -
9) many - -
10) exciting - -








































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